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Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adults during 1980–2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
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Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adults during 1980–2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
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Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adults during 1980–2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Ng, Marie; Fleming, Tom; Robinson, Margaret; Thomson, Blake; Graetz, Nicholas; Margono, Christopher; Mullany, Erin C.; Biryukov, Stan; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abraham, Jerry P.; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Achoki, Tom; AlBuhairan, Fadia S.; Alemu, Zewdie A.; Alfonso, Rafael; Ali, Mohammed K.; Ali, Raghib; Guzman, Nelson Alvis; Ammar, Walid; Anwari, Palwasha; Banerjee, Amitava; Barquera, Simon; Basu, Sanjay; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar; Blore, Jed; Cabral, Norberto; Nonato, Ismael Campos; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Courville, Karen J.; Criqui, Michael H.; Cundiff, David K.; Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C.; Dandona, Lalit; Davis, Adrian; Dayama, Anand; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Ding, Eric L.; Durrani, Adnan M.; Esteghamati, Alireza; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fay, Derek F. J.; Feigin, Valery L.; Flaxman, Abraham; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Goto, Atsushi; Green, Mark A.; Gupta, Rajeev; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hankey, Graeme J.; Harewood, Heather C.; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Simon; Hernandez, Lucia; Husseini, Abdullatif; Idrisov, Bulat T.; Ikeda, Nayu; Islami, Farhad; Jahangir, Eiman; Jassal, Simerjot K.; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeffreys, Mona; Jonas, Jost B.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khang, Young-Ho; Kim, Daniel; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinge, Jonas M.; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kosen, Soewarta; Kwan, Gene; Lai, Taavi; Leinsalu, Mall; Li, Yichong; Liang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Shiwei; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lu, Yuan; Ma, Jixiang; Mainoo, Nana Kwaku; Mensah, George A.; Merriman, Tony R.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Moschandreas, Joanna; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Nand, Devina; Narayan, K. M. Venkat; Nelson, Erica Leigh; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Oti, Samuel O.; Pedroza, Andrea; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Roy, Nobhojit; Sampson, Uchechukwu; Seo, Hyeyoung; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Singh, Gitanjali M.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Skirbekk, Vegard; Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C.; Sturua, Lela; Sykes, Bryan L.; Tobias, Martin; Tran, Bach X.; Trasande, Leonardo; Toyoshima, Hideaki; van de Vijver, Steven; Vasankari, Tommi J.; Veerman, J. Lennert; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vos, Theo; Wang, Claire; Wang, XiaoRong; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Werdecker, Andrea; Wright, Jonathan L.; Yang, Y. Claire; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yoon, Jihyun; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Zhao, Yong; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Shankuan; Lopez, Alan D.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; & Gakidou, Emmanuela. (2014). Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adults during 1980–2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 384(9945), 766-81. PMCID: PMC4624264
Ng, Marie; Fleming, Tom; Robinson, Margaret; Thomson, Blake; Graetz, Nicholas; Margono, Christopher; Mullany, Erin C.; Biryukov, Stan; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abraham, Jerry P.; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Achoki, Tom; AlBuhairan, Fadia S.; Alemu, Zewdie A.; Alfonso, Rafael; Ali, Mohammed K.; Ali, Raghib; Guzman, Nelson Alvis; Ammar, Walid; Anwari, Palwasha; Banerjee, Amitava; Barquera, Simon; Basu, Sanjay; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar; Blore, Jed; Cabral, Norberto; Nonato, Ismael Campos; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Courville, Karen J.; Criqui, Michael H.; Cundiff, David K.; Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C.; Dandona, Lalit; Davis, Adrian; Dayama, Anand; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Ding, Eric L.; Durrani, Adnan M.; Esteghamati, Alireza; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fay, Derek F. J.; Feigin, Valery L.; Flaxman, Abraham; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Goto, Atsushi; Green, Mark A.; Gupta, Rajeev; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hankey, Graeme J.; Harewood, Heather C.; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Simon; Hernandez, Lucia; Husseini, Abdullatif; Idrisov, Bulat T.; Ikeda, Nayu; Islami, Farhad; Jahangir, Eiman; Jassal, Simerjot K.; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeffreys, Mona; Jonas, Jost B.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khang, Young-Ho; Kim, Daniel; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinge, Jonas M.; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kosen, Soewarta; Kwan, Gene; Lai, Taavi; Leinsalu, Mall; Li, Yichong; Liang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Shiwei; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lu, Yuan; Ma, Jixiang; Mainoo, Nana Kwaku; Mensah, George A.; Merriman, Tony R.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Moschandreas, Joanna; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Nand, Devina; Narayan, K. M. Venkat; Nelson, Erica Leigh; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Oti, Samuel O.; Pedroza, Andrea; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Roy, Nobhojit; Sampson, Uchechukwu; Seo, Hyeyoung; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Singh, Gitanjali M.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Skirbekk, Vegard; Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C.; Sturua, Lela; Sykes, Bryan L.; Tobias, Martin; Tran, Bach X.; Trasande, Leonardo; Toyoshima, Hideaki; van de Vijver, Steven; Vasankari, Tommi J.; Veerman, J. Lennert; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vos, Theo; Wang, Claire; Wang, XiaoRong; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Werdecker, Andrea; Wright, Jonathan L.; Yang, Y. Claire; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yoon, Jihyun; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Zhao, Yong; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Shankuan; Lopez, Alan D.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; & Gakidou, Emmanuela. (2014). Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adults during 1980–2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet, 384(9945), 766-81. PMCID: PMC4624264
SummaryBackground In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013. Methods We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19 244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4–29·3) to 36·9% (36·3–37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3–30·2) to 38·0% (37·5–38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9–24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7–23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7–8·6) to 12·9% (12·3–13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1–8·8) to 13·4% (13·0–13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Interpretation Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Ng, Marie Fleming, Tom Robinson, Margaret Thomson, Blake Graetz, Nicholas Margono, Christopher Mullany, Erin C. Biryukov, Stan Abbafati, Cristiana Abera, Semaw Ferede Abraham, Jerry P. Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. Achoki, Tom AlBuhairan, Fadia S. Alemu, Zewdie A. Alfonso, Rafael Ali, Mohammed K. Ali, Raghib Guzman, Nelson Alvis Ammar, Walid Anwari, Palwasha Banerjee, Amitava Barquera, Simon Basu, Sanjay Bennett, Derrick A. Bhutta, Zulfiqar Blore, Jed Cabral, Norberto Nonato, Ismael Campos Chang, Jung-Chen Chowdhury, Rajiv Courville, Karen J. Criqui, Michael H. Cundiff, David K. Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C. Dandona, Lalit Davis, Adrian Dayama, Anand Dharmaratne, Samath D. Ding, Eric L. Durrani, Adnan M. Esteghamati, Alireza Farzadfar, Farshad Fay, Derek F. J. Feigin, Valery L. Flaxman, Abraham Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. Goto, Atsushi Green, Mark A. Gupta, Rajeev Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hankey, Graeme J. Harewood, Heather C. Havmoeller, Rasmus Hay, Simon Hernandez, Lucia Husseini, Abdullatif Idrisov, Bulat T. Ikeda, Nayu Islami, Farhad Jahangir, Eiman Jassal, Simerjot K. Jee, Sun Ha Jeffreys, Mona Jonas, Jost B. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Kengne, Andre Pascal Khader, Yousef Saleh Khang, Young-Ho Kim, Daniel Kimokoti, Ruth W. Kinge, Jonas M. Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kosen, Soewarta Kwan, Gene Lai, Taavi Leinsalu, Mall Li, Yichong Liang, Xiaofeng Liu, Shiwei Logroscino, Giancarlo Lotufo, Paulo A. Lu, Yuan Ma, Jixiang Mainoo, Nana Kwaku Mensah, George A. Merriman, Tony R. Mokdad, Ali H. Moschandreas, Joanna Naghavi, Mohsen Naheed, Aliya Nand, Devina Narayan, K. M. Venkat Nelson, Erica Leigh Neuhouser, Marian L. Nisar, Muhammad Imran Ohkubo, Takayoshi Oti, Samuel O. Pedroza, Andrea Prabhakaran, Dorairaj Roy, Nobhojit Sampson, Uchechukwu Seo, Hyeyoung Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Shibuya, Kenji Shiri, Rahman Shiue, Ivy Singh, Gitanjali M. Singh, Jasvinder A. Skirbekk, Vegard Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C. Sturua, Lela Sykes, Bryan L. Tobias, Martin Tran, Bach X. Trasande, Leonardo Toyoshima, Hideaki van de Vijver, Steven Vasankari, Tommi J. Veerman, J. Lennert Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vollset, Stein Emil Vos, Theo Wang, Claire Wang, XiaoRong Weiderpass, Elisabete Werdecker, Andrea Wright, Jonathan L. Yang, Y. Claire Yatsuya, Hiroshi Yoon, Jihyun Yoon, Seok-Jun Zhao, Yong Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Shankuan Lopez, Alan D. Murray, Christopher J. L. Gakidou, Emmanuela