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Global, regional and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys worldwide

Micha, Renata; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Shi, Peilin; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Engell, Rebecca E.; Mozaffarian, Dariush; & The Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). (2015). Global, regional and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys worldwide. BMJ Open, 5(9), e008705.

Micha, Renata; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Shi, Peilin; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Engell, Rebecca E.; Mozaffarian, Dariush; & The Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). (2015). Global, regional and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys worldwide. BMJ Open, 5(9), e008705.

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Objective

To quantify global intakes of key foods related to non-communicable diseases in adults by region (n=21), country (n=187), age and sex, in 1990 and 2010.

Design

We searched and obtained individual-level intake data in 16 age/sex groups worldwide from 266 surveys across 113 countries. We combined these data with food balance sheets available in all nations and years. A hierarchical Bayesian model estimated mean food intake and associated uncertainty for each age-sex-country-year stratum, accounting for differences in intakes versus availability, survey methods and representativeness, and sampling and modelling uncertainty.

Setting/population

Global adult population, by age, sex, country and time.

Results

In 2010, global fruit intake was 81.3 g/day (95% uncertainty interval 78.9–83.7), with country-specific intakes ranging from 19.2–325.1 g/day; in only 2 countries (representing 0.4% of the world's population), mean intakes met recommended targets of ≥300 g/day. Country-specific vegetable intake ranged from 34.6–493.1 g/day (global mean=208.8 g/day); corresponding values for nuts/seeds were 0.2–152.7 g/day (8.9 g/day); for whole grains, 1.3–334.3 g/day (38.4 g/day); for seafood, 6.0–87.6 g/day (27.9 g/day); for red meats, 3.0–124.2 g/day (41.8 g/day); and for processed meats, 2.5–66.1 g/day (13.7 g/day). Mean national intakes met recommended targets in countries representing 0.4% of the global population for vegetables (≥400 g/day); 9.6% for nuts/seeds (≥4 (28.35 g) servings/week); 7.6% for whole grains (≥2.5 (50 g) servings/day); 4.4% for seafood (≥3.5 (100 g) servings/week); 20.3% for red meats (≤1 (100 g) serving/week); and 38.5% for processed meats (≤1 (50 g) serving/week). Intakes of healthful foods were generally higher and of less healthful foods generally lower at older ages. Intakes were generally similar by sex. Vegetable, seafood and processed meat intakes were stable over time; fruits, nuts/seeds and red meat, increased; and whole grains, decreased.

Conclusions

These global dietary data by nation, age and sex identify key challenges and opportunities for optimising diets, informing policies and priorities for improving global health.




JOUR



Micha, Renata
Khatibzadeh, Shahab
Shi, Peilin
Andrews, Kathryn G.
Engell, Rebecca E.
Mozaffarian, Dariush
The Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)



2015


BMJ Open

5

9

e008705


20150924




20446055

http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjopen-2015-008705



2776